PDF Ebook The Survival Game: How Game Theory Explains the Biology of Cooperation and Competition, by David P. Barash
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The Survival Game: How Game Theory Explains the Biology of Cooperation and Competition, by David P. Barash
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"An accessible, intriguing explanation of game theory . . . that can help explain much human behavior." -Seattle Post-Intelligencer
Humans, like bacteria, woodchucks, chimpanzees, and other animals, compete or cooperate in order to get food, shelter, territory, and other resources to survive. But how do they decide whether to muscle out or team up with the competition?
In The Survival Game, David P. Barash synthesizes the newest ideas from psychology, economics, and biology to explore and explain the roots of human strategy. Drawing on game theory-the study of how individuals make decisions-he explores the give-and-take of spouses in determining an evening's plans, the behavior of investors in a market bubble, and the maneuvers of generals on a battlefield alongside the mating and fighting strategies of "less rational" animals. Ultimately, Barash's lively and clear examples shed light on what makes our decisions human, and what we can glean from game theory and the natural world as we negotiate and compete every day.
- Sales Rank: #1384631 in Books
- Brand: Brand: Holt Paperbacks
- Published on: 2004-09-01
- Released on: 2004-08-12
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.50" h x .71" w x 5.50" l, .90 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 320 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
From Publishers Weekly
Game theory attempts to explain the dynamics of life as a series of individual games, each involving specific moves that take place within a strictly delineated set of rules. Depending on whom you ask, it's either a brilliant tool for analyzing the complexities of social life or hopelessly reductionist. Zoologist and professor of psychology Barash (coauthor of The Myth of Monogamy), who emphatically falls into the former camp, proves an apt popularizer of the basics of the field, and his book reads like an introductory seminar led by a friendly professor with a slightly corny sense of humor. Readers who have never heard of the Prisoner's Dilemma or the Game of Chicken will find Barash's explanations accessible, while those who are already familiar with the basics of game theory can appreciate the wealth of historical, biological and hypothetical cases to which he applies its methods, ranging from the Bush administration's foreign policy in the spring of 2003 to the behavior of sponge-dwelling isopods in the Gulf of California. Though persuasive, game theory as laid out here and in other works (the best known being Richard Dawkins's The Selfish Gene) can often seem harshly rational in its cold calculations of life and death, and Barash himself writes in his conclusion, "[F]or a long time I have really loved game theory, and, for about as long, I've hated it." By the end of this highly readable introduction, readers will understand quite well what he means.--or a long time I have really loved game theory, and, for about as long, I've hated it." By the end of this highly readable introduction, readers will understand quite well what he means.
Copyright 2003 Reed Business Information, Inc.
Review
“Barash combines game theory with evolutionary biology, arguing that the strategic choices people make as they go through life [are] encoded in their brains by millions of years of evolution . . . His examples-including farm economics, jungle mating strategies and World War II battlefields-are convincing.” ―The Washington Post
About the Author
A professor of psychology at the University of Washington in Seattle, zoologist David P. Barash is the author of more than a dozen books, including The Myth of Monogamy (0-8050-7136-9) and The Mammal in the Mirror. He lives in Redmond, Washington.
Most helpful customer reviews
17 of 18 people found the following review helpful.
A level playing field?
By Stephen A. Haines
The roots of game theory in biology go back several decades. Roger Fisher's studies in the 1930s are generally credited with initiating the concept. Later, Robert Axelrod and others expanded the idea with structured game applications. The most famous of these is the Prisoner's Dilemma, where two charged thieves are offered "deals" by authorities. Prisoner's Dilemma is easily played by any two people with a moderator. The point of the game is to reconcile the issues of "defection" and "cooperation" with various "payoffs". As Barash shows, the game is played often, usually unconsciously, by many people under varying conditions. It is an underlying theme in many international situations. Barash here introduces us to the basics of game theory, with many illustrative examples in human and other animal behaviour.
From simple game propositions, Barash goes on to explain the many variations and how to assess them. Instead of mathematical equations, which he eschews in the opening chapter, Barash provides matrix box sets with players, options and outcome results for each game set. He then explains the logic of strategy variations for a single game encounter. He points out that single encounters may neither validate the game nor the strategy applied. The most famous variation of Prisoner's Dilemma is called Tit-for-Tat. This game's bizarre history is recounted well - it was twice chosen the best option in a contest for "best strategy". In this game, a form of Prisoner's Dilemma is played repeatedly - with the caveat that whatever your opponent does, you must respond in kind. The game's simple rule shattered many myths about the foundations of human behaviour. Genes may be selfish, but humans are not. Cooperation has its own payoffs.
Once applied only to humanity, game theory has found many examples throughout Nature, and not just animals. Since part of game theory deals with resource use, even forest trees can be shown to apply it to growth patterns. Jungle frogs, in their competitive mating strategies make decisions explainable by Barash's matrix diagrams. How far, then, can its usefulness extend. As game theory has been demonstrated to have nearly universal meaning, critics have raised objections. Americans, as Barash carefully notes, find it objectionable on the grounds it shatters their myth of "rugged individualism" - the notion that success comes to whoever goes out and grabs it by the scruff of the neck, ignoring objections of others. Others have decried attempts to apply it to every human circumstance. Barash dismisses this critique as overstated. Game theory isn't a universal "theory of everything" - a quest physicists have vainly sought for years. On the other hand, America, as with every society, must play the Social Dilemma Game - Personal Gain versus the Public Good.
Barash's examples are mixed biology, diplomacy, domestic politics and personal encounters. Although he regrets the little attention paid to game theory by the general public, he ably demonstrates why this book should redress that situation. Game theory is not a game - it's real life. This author's perceptive observations and excellent presentation make this work a compelling read. It's a fine item to have at hand when watching debates, hearing of a new cockpit of potential international conflict or even negotiations between businesses or employment contracts. A valuable resource. [stephen a. haines - Ottawa, Canada]
22 of 25 people found the following review helpful.
A deceptively titled introduction to game theory
By A Customer
Game Theory is a subfield of mathematics and economics that simulates conflicts as games, with a payoff or loss for each decision. The major innovation is that Game Theory takes into account the importance of the other entity's decision; as in real life, conflicts aren't simply against a static opponent. This book briefly details some of the major theoretical exercises derived from game theory, such as Prisoner's Dilemma, Chicken, and others. Although this book was fairly interesting in its own right, it strangely never goes into any sort of discussion about the application of Game Theory to Biology, Ecology, or Animal Behavior, with the exception of a chapter that appears to be a last minute throw-in. It consists of a few examples where game theory has been validated in biological studies, but few are especially interesting or provoking. Those looking for any sort of mathematics (even algebra) will also be sorely disappointed, as the author decided to milk the pop-science appeal as much as possible. Although some of the discussions on the different games were interesting, the lack of even an elementary discussion of Evolutionarily Stable Strategies makes this book unlikely to appeal to those looking for what the title promises: the BIOLOGY of cooperation and competition. However, if you are disdainful of mathematics and want a fairly interesting and brief introduction to game theory, this book is probably a good place to start. The surprisingly thoughtful final chapter, on the philosophical and moral implications of game theory, carries this title slightly above mediocrity. To summarize: although this book didn't provide what I expected in terms of connecting game theory to biology, it was still an entertaining read, if not an especially enlightening one.
10 of 23 people found the following review helpful.
More Bush-bashing than Biology
By A Customer
Barash's book provides a highly readable, basic, non-mathematical overview of the primary games, focusing on prisoner's dilemma and chicken although others are covered. I bought the book because of its advertised emphasis on applying game theory to biology and the animal kingdom. Unfortunately, too often the book simply serves to showcase Barash's left wing political views. His bashing of President Bush on issues such as the Iraq war and the Kyoto Treaty was particularly irritating. Some readers may love his opinions, but I found them distracting at best. After about the tenth instance of his gratuitous political agenda, I finally reached the point where I wished I had not enriched Mr. Barash by buying the book.
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