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Emotions Revealed: Recognizing Faces and Feelings to Improve Communication and Emotional Life, by Paul Ekman Ph.D.
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“Beautifully interweaves research with anecdotes, recommendations, and the behind-the-scenes flubs, accidental discoveries and debates . . . that are the essence of scientific inquiry.” —Scientific American
A renowned expert in nonverbal communication, Paul Ekman led a revolution in our scientific understanding of emotions. In Emotions Revealed, he assembles his research and theories to provide a comprehensive look at the evolutionary roots of human emotions, including anger, sadness, fear, disgust, and happiness.
Drawing on decades of fieldwork, Ekman shows that emotions are deeply embedded in the human species. In the process, he answers such questions as: What triggers emotions and can we stop them? How does our body signal to others whether we are slightly sad or anguished, peeved or enraged? Can we learn to distinguish between a polite smile and the genuine thing? Can we ever truly control our emotions? Unique exercises and photographs help readers identify emotions in themselves and others.
Emotions Revealed is a practical, mind-opening, and potentially life-changing exploration of science and self.
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- Sales Rank: #737314 in Books
- Published on: 2004-03-01
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.28" h x .79" w x 5.52" l,
- Binding: Paperback
- 304 pages
From Publishers Weekly
Emotions are what "make life livable," writes psychologist Ekman in this unique hands-on volume that flirts shrewdly with psychology and anthropology. His 40-odd years of research have led him to the conclusion (originally presented by Charles Darwin) that emotions, and their 10,000 facial expressions, are largely universal. While an American smile may look much like a grin expressed by a Fore tribesman of Papua New Guinea, what actually triggers the toothy twinkle is culturally, socially and even individually determined. Emotions theselves can't be turned off, but they can be controlled, and Ekman draws upon the Buddhist concept of mindfulness to explain how, by tuning in to one's own emotional triggers, one can develop a heightened "attentiveness," thereby side-stepping future blowouts. Ekman addresses in detail the "cascade of changes" that occur physiologically in an individual in the throes of one of five salient emotional categories (sadness, anger, fear, disgust and enjoyment). In his engaging style, he asks his readers to conjure these emotions by studying photographs, meditating upon their own experiences and, if that fails, to contort their faces into specific expressions, for Ekman has found that physical manifestations actually generate corresponding emotional responses in the brain. It is Ekman's hope that once these expressions have been identified, his readers will benefit from an increased sensitivity, and will possess the skills necessary for approaching others gripped with apparent emotion. 100 b&w photos
Copyright 2003 Reed Business Information, Inc.
From Scientific American
Chelsea Thomas was born with Möbius syndrome, in which a nerve that transmits commands from the brain to the facial muscles is missing. As a result, for her first seven years Chelsea looked perpetually grumpy. Then surgeons transplanted nerves from Chelsea's leg to both sides of her mouth, and today Chelsea can do what most people in the world take for granted. She can smile. Meanwhile, thousands of adults are botoxing the nerves that allow them to frown. Actors who do so cannot convey anger or fear, and some botoxed mothers complain that their children no longer take their admonitions seriously, accompanied as they are by the mothers' bland expressions. Paul Ekman would not be surprised. He has been studying facial expression of emotions for some 30 years, in the noble tradition of Aristotle, who first observed the characteristic facial expressions of anger, fear "and all the other passions," and Charles Darwin, who added an evolutionary explanation. Darwin's theory of the universality of emotional expression was unpopular in the 1960s, when Ekman began his research. It was the era of the tabula rasa in social science; Ekman was to emotion what Harry Harlow was to love, swimming against the academic tides. As a graduate student at the time, I was in that tide up to my neck, and I remember how vehemently psychologists protested the idea that any aspect of human behavior might have a hardwired element. Facial expressions? Clearly cultural. Don't the Japanese coolly suppress any sign of emotion, and don't the Italians exuberantly reveal theirs? Over the next decades, Ekman and his colleagues gathered evidence of the universality of seven facial expressions of emotion: anger, happiness, fear, surprise, disgust, sadness and contempt. In every culture they studied--in Japan, throughout Europe and the U.S., and among the nonliterate Fore of New Guinea--a large majority could recognize the basic emotional expressions portrayed by people in other cultures, and others could recognize theirs. Yet, as Ekman also showed, cultures do differ widely in the "display rules" of emotional expression. Certain emotions are universal, hardwired into facial expressions and the brain; however, emotional expressions are culture-specific. People smile or display anger for many reasons, and they don't reveal these emotions when such displays would be considered rude or inappropriate. Ekman and his collaborator Wallace Friesen created a coding system that identifies each of the nearly 80 muscles of the face, as well as the thousands of combinations of muscles associated with various emotions. (Ekman can do all of them himself.) When people try to hide their feelings or "put on" an emotion, Ekman found, they use different groups of muscles than they do for authentic feelings. For example, authentic smiles of joy involve the muscles surrounding the eyes; false or social smiles bypass the eyes completely. In Emotions Revealed, Ekman, who is a professor of psychology at the University of California at San Francisco, beautifully interweaves his research with anecdotes, recommendations, and the behind-the-scenes flubs, accidental discoveries and debates that never make their way into published articles but that are the essence of scientific inquiry. He reviews what is known about the triggers, automatic and learned, that set off an emotion and how we might learn to manage or even get rid of them. He then examines five emotions in detail: sadness, anger, fear, disgust and contempt, and the "enjoyable emotions." I was charmed to find naches on the list (the Yiddish word--it rhymes with "Loch Ness"--for the pleasure and pride that "parents feel when their child accomplishes something important"), along with "wonder," defined in terms of "its rarity and the feeling of being overwhelmed by something incomprehensible." Because of Ekman's emphasis on the universality of emotions, especially those written on the face, readers will not learn much about the raging debate about emotions that do not necessarily have particular facial expressions, such as pride, envy, jealousy, compassion, and romantic or parental love (Ekman does not consider these to be "emotions," although other researchers do). Nor will readers learn much about the origins of emotion blends (such as naches, wonder, longing, the feeling of "bittersweet," and schadenfreude), which are more varied across cultures and individuals and which appear to be uniquely human, involving as they do higher cognitive processes. Readers will enjoy seeing the many facial expressions of Ekman's favorite photographic subject, his daughter, Eve, who must have received ample compensation in fatherly naches for her ability to isolate and vary her facial muscles to reveal each basic emotion. These photographs serve brilliantly for scientific research, but whether they will help readers become better at accurately detecting another's emotion is doubtful. As research by others in this field has shown, when we read another's emotion, we do so through the filters and blinders of culture, the immediate situation, status, our own history, and degree of familiarity with the target. The face reveals, and the face lies. And as Ekman himself once observed, we wouldn't want it otherwise.
Carol Tavris, a social psychologist, is author of Anger: The Misunderstood Emotion (Touchstone Books, 1989).
Review
“There has not been a book on this subject of such range and insight since Darwin’s famous Expression of the Emotions more than a century ago.” —Oliver Sacks
“Emotions Revealed will leave everyone who reads it more intelligent about their emotional life . . . A charming, sound, sane map to the world of emotions, the perfect guide.” —Daniel Goleman, author of Emotional Intelligence
Most helpful customer reviews
125 of 132 people found the following review helpful.
Interesting science, but poorly organized and written.
By Christian Hunter
Who isn't captivated by the unspoken language of expression. Very few in science today would dispute that non-verbal expression contributes a signficant amount of "information rate transfer" in every human to human exchange.
That's why I ordered this book. I was curious to know how the mechanics of non-verbal expression (manifested in the face) generally worked. Paul Ekman has been at the forefront of this research since the mid-sixties. Before ordering, I spent some time at his site (of same name as the book) and was impressed enough to do what the site pushes you to do: order the book...
I was mildly dissapointed. While the book has plenty of interesting factoids, from the beginning it felt way overwritten. Almost like the author had a 24 page lesson plan and decided to stretch it out to 240 pages. In my opinion, there is allot of "fluff". Granted, some may be interested in reading 20 pages about the fact that emotions are nature (vs. nurture) across all cultures...well, that was hotly debated 20 years ago, now it's generally accepted as fact...move on.
The meat of my issue with the book is that it should have been a lesson plan. My favorite part of the book is at the end when there are 14 pages of faces with barely registered emotion on them that you have to discern the meaning in. I wanted that throughout the book.
If you have a particular fascination with this subject, I'd recommend ordering the CD's and using the interactive lesson plan. Skip the book.
Hope this was helpful.
24 of 26 people found the following review helpful.
I learned a lot!
By B. Galos
I'm an extremely rational and intelligent person. This book gave me the "ah ha" I was looking for.
It was so nice to be able to learn the science behind emotions and how they work on many different levels. It was beyond nice to have a book rooted in science, rather than what some person thinks may be true about a subject. I have a totally different relationship with my emotions now and they seem almost like brand new toys that I get to play with all day long! I also have a much easier time reading other people's emotions.
OK, I admit the writing style could be better, a few more tables and a more spartan use of the word 'I', but it wasn't hard to get past that and the content more than made up for it. This book has gone onto my life list of books everybody should read.
13 of 13 people found the following review helpful.
One of the Best Books I've Read
By Suzanne
I've read a number of self-help books with healing journeys and many step by step exercises but this one surprised me because it wasn't that sort of book yet it opened a door into seeing what I am feeling and, especially, what others are feeling. Many times since reading it, I've gained insight into what is really going on in conversations for the other person and for me. It's helped me to get along better with people, and to understand myself. Of course, this took effort on my part. It's not just read and improve. It's all about what you do with the information, what connections you see in life.
I was very impressed with his presenting the information as just another tool in life, not some sort of wonder. I liked his conversational, exploratory tone. It helped: he showed how he uses this information in life and understanding people. It got me thinking.
I also bought the CD and that was likewise very helpful, for gaining skill in noting emotions while I'm talking to people.
As ever, your mileage may vary. I suspect a big factor in whether someone gets a lot out of this book is if, like me, you have a knack for this sort of thing, yet had learned it all wrong because you'd almost always been in circles where feelings were repressed, redirected, covered up, it being almost mandatory to follow these patterns.
A good example of what clicks for me now: an elderly woman I passingly know started ranting about an organization. I wasn't too concerned because she seemed amply able to take care of herself, defend herself angrily against this problem. I was waiting to change the topic when I suddenly noticed the expression on her face was sadness, clear sadness. That changed the entire story she was telling. My attitude immediatly changed. Instead of leaving her on her own, I wanted to do something and I realized I know someone in the organization she was dealing with. I told her I'd look into it. I didn't mention that I knew she was feeling sad much more than angry. My sense was (and is) that the anger was mostly an act to help her keep her pride and to comfort herself. I was able to easily get her some information that cleared up the misconception she had. She is "eternally grateful," to me, even now, months later. It's kind of embarrassing, but heartwarming. I love doing that sort of thing, and I am so glad to have found I have a knack for recognizing feelings and seeing appropriate things I can do for the situation. She didn't know she was sad, so she certainly didn't communicate that in words, and I wouldn't have known she was sad if I hadn't read this book, and doubt I'd have helped her.
Thanks Dr. Ekman! One of the best books I read last year (the other was Full Catastrophe Living, by Jon Kabot-Zinn).
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