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"A lively and engaging chronicle that adds yet another dimension to the historical record." -The Boston Globe
When George Pullman began recruiting Southern blacks as porters in his luxurious new sleeping cars, the former slaves suffering under Jim Crow laws found his offer of a steady job and worldly experience irresistible. They quickly signed up to serve as maid, waiter, concierge, nanny, and occasionally doctor and undertaker to cars full of white passengers, making the Pullman Company the largest employer of African Americans in the country by the 1920s.
Drawing on extensive interviews with dozens of porters and their descendants, Larry Tye reconstructs the complicated world of the Pullman porter and the vital cultural, political, and economic roles they played as forerunners of the modern black middle class. Rising from the Rails provides a lively and enlightening look at this important social phenomenon.
- Sales Rank: #505490 in Books
- Brand: Tye, Larry
- Published on: 2005-06-01
- Released on: 2005-05-12
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.26" h x .94" w x 5.50" l, .70 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 352 pages
From Publishers Weekly
What have the poet Claude McKay, the filmmaker Oscar Micheaux, the explorer Matthew Henson, the musician "Big Bill" Broonzy and college president Benjamin Mays in common? They all worked for the Pullman Company, which until 1969 owned the sleeper cars for and ran the sleeper service on the U.S. railroads, and was at one time "the largest employer of Negroes in America and probably the world." Blacks, preferably those with "jet-black skin," supplied "the social separation... vital for porters to safely interact with white passengers in such close quarters." Although Tye makes the general case for the centrality of "The Pullman Porter" in the making of the black middle class (and in much of American cultural life), the particular porter becomes supportive detail for a highly readable business history at one end and labor history at the other. Former BostonGlobe journalist Tye (The Father of Spin) interviewed as many surviving porters as he could find as well as their children, and immersed himself in autobiographies, oral histories, biographies, newspapers, company records—wherever the porter might be glimpsed, including fiction and film. Entertaining detail abounds: Bogart was a solid tipper; Seabiscuit traveled in a "specially modified eighty-foot car cushioned with the finest straw." So does informing detail: the long hours, the dire working conditions, the low pay, the lively idiom, the burdensome rules. While "The Pullman porter... was the only black man many [whites] ever saw," Tye shows what whites never saw—the grinding, often humiliating, realities of the job and the rippling effect of steady employment in the upward mobility of the porters' children and grandchildren. 40 b&w photos not seen by PW.
Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
From Booklist
Although Tye focuses on Pullman porters and the formation of the black middle class, his analysis of class perceptions and race relations reverberates to the current day. Following Reconstruction, industrialist George Pullman took advantage of the limited opportunities available for freedmen, hiring and exploiting blacks--the darker the better--to serve as porters on his railroad. The porters suffered low wages, long hours, and weeks if not months away from home. In addition, they were expected to adopt a servile demeanor to provide comfort to the mostly white patrons of the Pullman sleeping cars. But the upside was employment, travel, and middle-class values and opportunities. Moreover, the fight for union recognition through A. Phillip Randolph's leadership was the basis for progress for blacks during the pre-civil rights era. The porters' labor dispute and efforts to include blacks in more favorable positions in the war industry led to the first march on Washington. Tye also explores the tension between the perception of Pullman porters as docile servants and their challenge to the status quo. Vernon Ford
Copyright © American Library Association. All rights reserved
Review
“This book brings to life the stirring story of the civil rights legacy of A. Phillip Randolph and the Pullman porters, which is an inspiration to those of us following in their footsteps. Kudos to Larry Tye for giving us this wonderfully readable, and incredibly important, history.” ―Congressman Jesse L. Jackson, Jr.
“Larry Tye has written a much-deserved love song to the forgotten men of the civil rights and labor movements – the Pullman Porters who defeated a major corporation, helped finance numerous civil rights battles, spread news and culture nation-wide, and set a high standard for dignity.” ―Julian Bond, Chairman, NAACP Board of Directors
“This is one terrific book. It's a chapter of American history about which few of us know much, and it's a reminder of what life was like for African-Americans in this country, at least until the last few decades. But it's mostly about these men-- their courage, their tenacity and their hopes and dreams for their children and grandchildren. Many of them are no longer with us, but they should and would be rightly proud of how much their kids and grandkids have achieved and how much they have given to this country.” ―Michael Dukakis, Former governor of Massachusetts, former vice-chair of Amtrak board
“This book does a magnificent job in relating how a relatively small group of struggling workers shaped not only the African-American community but all of the United States. The story of the Pullman porter is no less important than any other struggle for civil rights in the American labor movement.” ―James P. Hoffa, General President, International Brotherhood of Teamsters
“Larry Tye's Rising from the Rails recreates an important chapter in the history of black people in this country: the hard earned passage of thousands of blacks into the middle class. By examining the progress of the Pullman porter - from the step and fetch it caricature to pensioned union member - Tye captures one of black people's many struggles to achieve equality. This is la story all Americans should know.” ―Vernon E. Jordan, Jr., Senior Managing Director at Lazard LLC and author of Vernon Can Read!: A Memoir
“Rising from the Rails chronicles the pioneering role the Pullman porters and their leader, A. Philip Randolph, played in building America's union movement. This vividly told story should be required reading for those who care about labor history, race history, and US history.” ―John J. Sweeney, President, AFL-CIO
“This is a well-researched and sympathetic history, a slice of Americana worth knowing.” ―Seattle Times
“Rescuing an icon from the edge of oblivion is no easy task; making room for him in the collective memory is harder still. But revealing his profound influence on our social and cultural institutions today requires insight and imagination. Larry Tye has both.” ―The San Francisco Chronicle
“[Tye's] analysis of class perceptions and race relations reverberates to the current day.” ―Booklist
“[A] highly readable business history at one end and labor history at the other... entertaining detail abounds... So does informing detail.” ―Publisher's Weekly
“Tye's work is worth the ride for its comprehensive survey of a topic that deserves much attention.” ―Library Journal
Most helpful customer reviews
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Excellen, t for those who remember at least part ...
By D. Gibson
Excellen,t for those who remember at least part of the Pullman era and the civil rights struggle.
4 of 6 people found the following review helpful.
george pullman and his porters
By Stephen Harlen
The pullman porters are gone but their legacy remains. This elegant telling of their story is part of the history of race relations in America. You need to check it out.
18 of 20 people found the following review helpful.
Subalterns of the Sleeper
By WILLIAM H FULLER
Larry Tye is a white guy writing about a specific aspect of the "black experience." Now, some white guys can pull this off very well indeed. For example, William A. Owens' historical novel WALKING ON BORROWED LAND gives the reader a very compelling and quite convincing view of being a black professional in Jim Crow Oklahoma. In Tye's case, however, I keep feeling that he's the outsider looking in, and I keep wondering if his conclusions are entirely accurate. Perhaps the fact that he wrote about black American sleeping car porters while sitting in a study on Lake Como overlooking the Swiss and Italian Alps has something to do with his remaining just a little bit divorced from his subject.
I believe the greatest strength of RISING FROM THE RAILS is its informative description of the formation of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, the first black labor union; its eventual success in winning recognition from the historically racist Pullman Company; and the critical involvement of the Brotherhood's leaders in kick-starting the civil rights movement of the 1960s. In fact, that last strength may be the most significant of all. I have little doubt that much, or even most, of white America can identify Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King, Jr. However, I am less certain that it can also identify Asa Philip Randolph or Edgar D. Nixon or can explain the connection between the Brotherhood and the Montgomery bus boycott. I also doubt that very many non-historians even know that Todd Lincoln, son of "the great emancipator" president, followed George Mortimer Pullman as president of the powerful railroad sleeping car company and perpetuated the extremely discriminatory, racist policies of that business. In brief, this is a good history book and will probably fill in quite a few blanks in readers' knowledge.
For me, though, Tye fails in his avowed purpose, which is to link the experience of the black Pullman porters with the rise of the black middle class in the United States. Time and again, he offers examples of porter's children or, more often, grandchildren becoming well educated, successful lawyers, doctors, and educators. This he attributes to the example set by their porter forebears, whose constancy and work ethic, despite the indignities heaped upon them by both the company that employed them and by the white traveling public, set the stage for their descendants' successes. I am not quite able to find that a convincing argument, and I suspect that, had he been so inclined, Tye could also have found examples of porters' descendants who remain poorly educated, who labor in menial jobs, and who may even be imprisoned for criminal activity. He may as well have argued that my career as an educational program manager was attributable to my own grandfather's having been a locomotive engineer for the Frisco Railroad. As fascinating as his job may have been, I do not believe it influenced anything two generations removed from it.
Many times, Tye repeats the assertion that Pullman porters exemplified "solid middle class values" in their work habits and life styles. Throwing that sort of phrase around comes very close to jingoism and is also misleading. Porters were definitely not middle class. Do the "middle class" labor as underpaid servants? Many men who were fortunate enough to gain relatively steady employment were motivated to hold on to that employment despite its demeaning aspects. Making up berths, shining shoes at night, brushing off coats, and fetching drinks still beat the heck out of pulling a burlap bag down a cotton row under a blistering sun. Surely, Pullman porters demonstrated much wisdom in holding on to their mostly-indoor jobs, but does that alone qualify them as exemplifying middle class values? Perhaps, but I still dislike that jingoistic phrase.
Another eyebrow-raising claim in Tye's book comes on page 77 when he states that Pullman porters "traveled to fifty states with Wall Street barons and baseball gods." Does Tye have no concept of the railroad system of which he is writing? No Pullman car has ever followed rails to "fifty states." Even today, much less in the first half of the 20th century, no rails connect the contiguous United States to Alaska or Hawaii.
So how shall we sum up RISING FROM THE RAILS? It is not convincing as a sociological explanation of how the existence of Pullman porters underpinned a new black middle class, and it has a few ridiculous statements (such as railroad porters traveling to fifty states). Nonetheless, it also has quite a few excellent historical photographs and includes a fascinating orientation to the foundations of the civil rights movement of the mid-twentieth century in the United States. For that history alone it is worth reading. A very extensive notes section, bibliography, and index conclude the book and, along with the pages of photographs, entice me to rate it at four Amazon stars, though I would not argue with those preferring only three. I suppose the bottom line is that, if one does not know who A. Philip Randolph and his lieutenants were, one should read the book. Conversely, those who already understand the history of the labor and civil rights movements in the United States will find little new information here.
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